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Tacrine hydrochloride´Â ÁßÃß¿¡ ÀÛ¿ëÇÏ´Â °¡¿ªÀûÀÎ acetylcholinesterase ¾ïÁ¦Á¦ÀÎ monoamine acridineÀ¸·Î¼ ÈÇиíÀº 1,2,3,4-tetrahydro-9-acridinamine monohydrochloride monohydrateÀ̸ç, tetrahydroaminoacridine ȤÀº THA·Îµµ ºÒ¸®¿î´Ù. TacrineÀº ÇϾá»öÀÇ °íü·Î¼ ¹°¿¡ Àß ³ìÀ¸¸ç, methanol, ethanol, propylene glycol µî¿¡µµ Àß ³ì´Â´Ù. ±¸Á¶´Â ¾Æ·¡ ±×¸²°ú °°´Ù.
ÆíÁýÀÚ ÁÖ: Áö³È£¿¡¼´Â Àü¹ÝÀûÀÎ ¾à·áÀÇ °³³ä°ú ½ÇÇà°úÁ¤ ±×¸®°í º´¿ø¾à±¹°ú °³±¹¾à±¹ Ãø¸é¿¡¼ÀÇ ¾à·á¿¡ ´ëÇØ ¼Ò°³ÇÏ¿´½À´Ï´Ù. À̹øÈ£ºÎÅÍ´Â º´¿ø°ú °³±¹¾à±¹¿¡¼ Á¢ÇÒ ¼ö ÀÖ´Â Áúȯ¿¡ ´ëÇÑ ±¸Ã¼ÀûÀÎ ¾à¹°Ä¡·áÁ¤º¸¸¦ Á¦°øÇϰíÀÚ ÇÕ´Ï´Ù.
°¨±â´Â ¾à±¹¿¡¼ °¡Àå ÈçÈ÷ º¸°ÔµÇ´Â Áõ»óÁßÀÇ Çϳª·Î½á »ó±âµµÀÇ ¹ÙÀÌ·¯½º°¨¿°¿¡ ÀÇÇØ ¿©·¯°¡Áö º¹ÇÕµÈ ÁõÈĸ¦ º¸ÀÌ°Ô µÈ´Ù. ´ëºÎºÐ °¨±â´Â º°´Ù¸¥ Ä¡·á¾øÀÌ ³´Áö¸¸ ¸¹Àº ȯÀÚµéÀº ºÒÆíÇÑ Áõ»óÀ» ¿ÏȽÃ۱â À§ÇØ Ã³¹æ¾øÀÌ »ç¿ëÇÒ ¼ö ÀÖ´Â ºñ󹿾àǰ(ÀÌÇÏ OTC ¾àǰ)À» ã°Ô µÈ´Ù. ¾ÕÀ¸·Î Àü°³µÉ ÀǾàºÐ¾÷ÇÏ¿¡¼µµ ÀÌµé ¾àǰÀº ¾à»ç°¡ ÀÓÀÇÁø´Ü¿¡ ÀÇÇØ Åõ¿©°¡ °¡´ÉÇÒ °ÍÀ̹ǷΠ󹿾àÀ¸·Î Ä¡·áÇØ¾ß ÇÒ Áõ»ó°ú ºñ󹿾àÀ¸·Î Ä¡·á°¡´ÉÇÑ °æ¿ì¸¦ ±¸º°ÇØ¾ß ÇÑ´Ù.
1) ȯÀÚÀÇ ¿¬·É
ȯÀÚ°¡ ´©±¸Àΰ¡¸¦ È®ÀÎÇÏ´Â °ÍÀÌ Áß¿äÇÏÁö¸¸ ³ªÀ̸¦ È®ÀÎÇÏ´Â °Íµµ Áß¿äÇÏ´Ù. À̴ ȯÀÚÀÇ ³ªÀ̰¡ Ä¡·á¾àÁ¦ÀÇ ¼±Åà ¶Ç´Â º´ÀÇ¿øÀ¸·ÎÀÇ À̼ۿ©ºÎ¸¦ °áÁ¤Çϴµ¥ Áß¿äÇÑ ¿äÀÎÀÌ µÇ±â ¶§¹®ÀÌ´Ù. ÀϹÝÀûÀ¸·Î ³ªÀ̾ ¾î¸°ÀÌ¿Í °í·ÉÀÚÀϼö·Ï ÀÏ¹Ý ¼ºÀκ¸´Ù ó¹æ¾àÀÇ Åõ¿©°¡ ÇÊ¿äÇÑ »ó±âµµ°¨¿°¿¡ °É¸®±â°¡ ÈξÀ ½±´Ù.
2) Áõ»óÀÇ Áö¼Ó½Ã°£
°¨±âÁõ»óÀº °©Àڱ⠹߻ýÇϰųª ¸î½Ã°£¿¡ °ÉÃÄ ¼¼È÷ ³ªÅ¸³´Ù. °©Àڱ⠹߻ýÇÑ °æ¿ì´Â ÀÎǪ·ç¿£ÀÚÀÇ °¨¿°¿¡ ÀÇÇÑ °ÍÀÏ °¡´É¼ºÀÌ Å©°í Áõ»óÀÌ ¼¼È÷ ³ªÅ¸³ °æ¿ì´Â ÀϹÝÀû °¨±âÀ̱⠽±´Ù. °¨±âÁõ»óÀº º¸Åë ÀÏÁÖÀϰ£ Áö¼ÓµÇ³ª ±âħ°ú °°Àº Áõ»óÀº °¨±â°¡ ³ºÀº ÈÄ¿¡µµ °è¼ÓµÉ ¼ö ÀÖ´Ù.
3) ¹ßÇöµÈ °¨±âÁõ»ó
Ä๰ ¹× ÄÚ¸·Èû(runny and blocked nose): ´ëºÎºÐÀÇ È¯ÀÚ´Â Ä๰ÀÌ ³ª¸ç óÀ½¿¡´Â ¸¼Àº ¹°°ú °°Àº ¾×üÀ̳ª Á¡Â÷ ÁøÇÏ°í ³óÈÄÇÑ Á¡¾×Áú·Î º¯ÇÏ°Ô µÈ´Ù. ºñ°³»ÀÇ Ç÷°üÀÌ À̿ϵǾî Á¡¸·ÀÌ º×±â ¶§¹®¿¡ ºñÃæÇ÷(nasal congestion)ÀÌ ¹ß»ýÇϸç ÀÌ´Â Áõ°¡µÈ Á¡¾×ºÐºñ¿Í ÇÔ²² ºñ°À» Á¼Çô °ø±âÃâÀÔÀ» ¸·°Ô µÈ´Ù. ÀÏ¸í ¿©¸§°¨±â(summer cold)¶ó ÇÏ´Â °¨±âÀÇ ÁÖÁõ»óÀ¸·Î´Â ÄÚ¸·Èû, ´«¹°, Àçä±â°¡ ³ªÅ¸³ª´Âµ¥ ÀÌ·¯ÇÑ Áõ»óÀº ¾Ë·¹¸£±â¼º ºñ¿°¿¡ ÀÇÇÑ °ÍÀÏ °¡´É¼ºÀÌ ³ô´Ù.
Àçä±â¿Í ±âħ(sneezing and coughing): Àçä±â´Â ºñ°ÀÌ Àڱصǰí ÃæÇ÷µÇ±â ¶§¹®¿¡ ÀϾÙ. ±âħÀº ÀεÎ(pharynx)ÀÇ ÀÚ±Ø(ÀÌ °æ¿ì´Â ´ëºÎºÐ °Ç¼º±âħÀÌ ¹ß»ý) ¶Ç´Â ºñ°À¸·ÎºÎÅÍ ±â°üÁö·Î µé¾î°£ Ä๰ÀÇ ÀÚ±ØÀ¸·Î ¹ß»ýÇÑ´Ù.
ÅëÁõ ¹× µÎÅë(aches and headache): µÎÅëÀº ºñ°°ú ºÎºñµ¿(sinus)ÀÇ ¿°Áõ ¹× ÃæÇ÷·Î ÀÎÇØ ¹ß»ýÇÏ´Â °ÍÀ̸ç Áö¼ÓÀûÀÌ°í ½ÉÇÑ ÀüµÎºÎ Áï, ¾ÕÀ̸¶ºÎÀ§ÀÇ µÎÅë(frontal headache)Àº ºÎºñ°¿°(sinusitis)¶§¹®ÀÌ´Ù. ÀϺΠȯÀÚ´Â ±ÙÀ° ¹× °üÀýÅëÀ» È£¼ÒÇϴµ¥ ÀÌ·¯ÇÑ ÅëÁõÀÌ ³ªÅ¸³¯ ¶§´Â ÀϹÝÀû °¨±âº¸´Ù ÀÎǪ·ç¿£ÀÚ°¨¿°ÀÏ °¡´É¼ºÀÌ ³ô´Ù. ºÎºñ°¿°(sinusitis)Àº ´«À§ÀÇ ºÎºñµ¿(frontal sinuses)°ú ÄÚ¿¡ ÀÎÁ¢ÇÑ °ñ°ÝÀ¸·Î ½Î¿©ÀÖ´Â °ø±â°¡ µå³ªµå´Â ºñ°(nasal cavity)ÀÇ °¨¿°¿¡ ÀÇÇÑ °ÍÀÌ´Ù. Á¡¸·À» Æ÷ÇÔÇÑ »óÇÇ¿¡ ¿°ÁõÀÌ ¹ß»ýÇÏ¿© º×°Ô µÇ¾î °¨±âÀÇ Æ¯Â¡Àû Áõ»óÀΠīŸ¸£(catarrh; Á¶Á÷ÀÌ ÆÄ±«µÇÁö´Â ¾Ê´Â Á¡¸·ÀÇ ¿°Áõ)¸¦ À¯¹ßÇÏ°Ô µÈ´Ù. ºÐºñ¾×ÀÌ ºñ°¿¡ Èê·¯µé°Ô µÇ³ª ÄÚ°¡ ¸·Çô ÀÖÀ¸¸é ºÎºñµ¿¿¡ ½×ÀÌ°Ô µÇ¸ç ÀÌÂ÷ÀûÀ¸·Î ¹ÚÅ׸®¾Æ¿¡ ÀÇÇÑ °¨¿°ÀÌ ¹ß»ýÇÒ ¼ö ÀÖ´Ù. ÀÌ·¯ÇÑ °¨¿°Àº »ó¾Ç°ñ ºÎºñµ¿(maxillary sinuses)¿¡ °¡Àå ÈçÈ÷ ³ªÅ¸³ª¸ç ÀÌ·¯ÇÑ Çö»óÀÌ ÀϾ ¶§ ºÎºñµ¿¿¡ Áö¼ÓÀûÀÎ ÅëÁõÀÌ ÀϾ ÄÚ¿¡ ÀÎÁ¢ÇÑ ¾ó±¼ºÎÀ§°¡ ½ÉÇÏ°Ô ¾ÆÇÁ¸ç º×±âµµ ÇÑ´Ù. ´«À§ÀÇ ºÎºñµ¿ÀÌ °¨¿°µÉ ¶§´Â À̸¶(forehead)ºÎÀ§¿¡ µÎÅëÀÌ ³ªÅ¸³´Ù. ºÎºñ°¿°ÀÇ ÅëÁõÀº ¸öÀ» ¾ÕÀ¸·Î ¼÷À̰ųª ´©¿ï ¶§ ¾ÇȵǴ Ư¡ÀÌ ÀÖ´Ù.
°í¿(high body temperature): °¨±â¸¦ ¾Î°í Àִ ȯÀÚ´Â º¸Åë ´õ¿î ´À³¦À» È£¼ÒÇϳª ³ôÀº ü¿ÂÀ» º¸ÀÌÁö ¾Ê´Â´Ù. ÀϹÝÀûÀ¸·Î °í¿ÀÌ ÀÖÀ» ¶§´Â ´Ü¼øÇÑ °¨±âº¸´Ù´Â ÀÎǪ·ç¿£ÀÚ°¨¿°(flu)À» ÀǽÉÇØ¾ß ÇÑ´Ù. ÀÎǪ·ç¿£ÀÚ°¨¿°Áõ»óÀº °©Àڱ⠿ÀÇÑÀ» ´À³¢¸ç ÆÈ´Ù¸®ÀÇ ±ÙÀ°Åë°ú ¸ñÀÌ ¸¶¸£°í ¾ÆÇÂ(dry sore throat)Áõ»ó, ±âħ, °í¿À» º¸ÀÌ°Ô µÈ´Ù. À̵é Áõ»óÀº º¸Åë 3-5ÀÏÀÌ Áö³ª¸é ¾ø¾îÁö³ª ÈÄÀ¯ÁõÀ¸·Î Àü½ÅÇÇ·Î, ±Çۨ ¶Ç´Â °Ç¼º±âħÀÌ ¾Î°í³ ´ÙÀ½ ¼öÀϰ£ ´õ Áö¼ÓµÉ ¼ö ÀÖ´Ù. ¸¸¾à ½ÉÇÑ ½À¼º±âħ(productive cough; °¡·¡¸¦ µ¿¹ÝÇÑ ±âħ), Áö¼ÓµÇ´Â °í¿, ´Á¸·¿° ÇüÅÂÀÇ ÈäÅë(chest pain), ¶Ç´Â ¼¶¸Á(delirium; ¸Á»ó, ȯ°¢, Âø°¢ µîÀÌ Âª°Ô ³ªÅ¸³µ´Ù »ç¶óÁö´Â Á¤½ÅÂø¶õ Áõ»ó)ÀÌ ³ªÅ¸³ª¸é ÇÕº´ÁõÀÌ ³ªÅ¸³ª°í ÀÖ´Ù´Â ½ÅÈ£·Î º¸¾Æ¾ß ÇÑ´Ù. Flu¿Í À¯»çÇÑ °¨¿°Áõ»ó(flu-like infections)ÀÌ ¸¹ÀÌ ³ªÅ¸³ªÁö¸¸ ÁøÂ¥ ÀÎǪ·ç¿£ÀÚ°¨¿°Àº ±×¸® ÈçÇÏÁö ¾Ê´Ù. µÎ °æ¿ì ¸ðµÎ º´ÀÇ¿ø¿¡¼ÀÇ Áø·á°¡ ¾ø¾îµµ ÀÚ¿¬ Ä¡À¯µÇ´Â °ÍÀÌ º¸ÅëÀÌÁö¸¸ ½ÉÇÑ °æ¿ì ÀÌÂ÷ÀûÀÎ Æó·ÅÀÌ ¹ß»ýÇÒ ¼ö ÀÖ´Ù. Æó·Å°ú °°ÀÌ Àü¹®Àû Áø´Ü°ú Ä¡·á°¡ ÇÊ¿äÇÏ°Ô µÇ´Â ÇÕº´ÁõÀº À¯¼Ò¾Æ, °í·ÉÀÚ ¹× ½ÉÀå ¶Ç´Â ÆóÁúȯÀ» ¾Î°í ÀÖ´Â »ç¶÷¿¡ º¸´Ù ½±°Ô ¹ß»ýÇÑ´Ù.
ÀÎÈÄÅë(sore throat): °¨±â¸¦ ¾Î°í ÀÖ´Â µ¿¾È ¸ñÀÌ °ÇÁ¶Çϰí ÅëÁõÀ» ´À³¢´Â Áõ»óÀ¸·Î¼ °¨±â°¡ ¿À°í Àִٴ ù ½ÅÈ£°¡ µÉ ¼ö ÀÖ´Ù.
±Í¾ÎÀÌ(earache): ƯÈ÷ ¼Ò¾Æ¿¡ Àß ³ªÅ¸³ª´Â °¨±âÀÇ ÇÕº´ÁõÀ¸·Î¼ ºñ° īŸ¸£°¡ ÀÖÀ» ¶§ ±Í°¡ ¸·È÷´Â ´À³¦À» °®°Ô µÈ´Ù. ÀÌ´Â ÁßÀÌ(middle ear)¿Í ºñ°(nasal cavity)À» ¿¬°á½ÃŰ´Â À¯½ºÅ¸Å°¿À°ü(Eustachian tube)ÀÌ ¸·È÷±â ¶§¹®ÀÌ´Ù. ÀÌ °üÀÌ ¸·È÷°Ô µÇ¸é ±Í¾ÈÀÇ °ø±â¾Ð°ú ´ë±â¾ÐÀÌ ´õÀÌ»ó ÆòÇüÀ» À¯ÁöÇÒ ¼ö ¾ø±â ¶§¹®¿¡ ºÒÆíÇÔÀ» ´À³¢°Ô µÇ¸ç ¼Ò¸®°¡ Àß µé¸®Áö ¾Ê°Ô µÈ´Ù. ÀÌ·¯ÇÑ Áõ»óÀº º¸Åë °¨±â°¡ ³ºÀ¸¸é ÀÚ¿¬ ÇØ¼ÒµÇ³ª ÃæÇ÷Á¦°ÅÁ¦°¡ µµ¿òÀ» ÁÙ ¼öµµ ÀÖ´Ù. Á¾Á¾ ÁßÀÌ(middle ear)°¡ ¾×(fluid)À¸·Î Â÷ ÀÖÀ» ¶§´Â ÀÌÂ÷Àû ±Õ°¨¿°¿¡ ÀÌ»óÀûÀΠȯ°æÀ» Á¦°øÇÏ°Ô µÇ¹Ç·Î ÁßÀÌ¿°ÀÌ ¹ß»ýÇϱ⠽±´Ù. ÀÌ·¯ÇÑ °¨¿°ÀÌ ÀϾ ¶§ ±Í°¡ °©Àڱ⠾ÆÇÁ°Ô µÇ¸ç º¸Åë Ç×»ýÁ¦ÀÇ Åõ¿©°¡ ÇÊ¿äÇϹǷΠÀü¹®Àû Áø´ÜÀ» ¹Þµµ·Ï ÇÏ´Â Á¶Ä¡°¡ ÇÊ¿äÇÏ´Ù.
4) °ú°Åº´·Â(previous medical history)
¸¸¼º±â°üÁö¿°À» ¾Î°í Àִ ȯÀÚ°¡ ½ÉÇÑ °¨±â ¶Ç´Â ÀÎǪ·ç¿£ÀÚÀ¯»ç°¨¿°(flu-like infection)¿¡ °É¸± ¶§´Â ÀÌÂ÷Àû È£Èí±â°¨¿°ÀÌ ¹ß»ýµÇ±â ½¬¿ì¹Ç·Î º´ÀÇ¿øÀ» ¹æ¹®Åä·Ï ÇÏ´Â °ÍÀÌ ÁÁ´Ù. ±â°üÁöõ½ÄÀ» °®°í ÀÖ´Â °æ¿ì, »ó±âµµ ¹ÙÀÌ·¯½º°¨¿°¿¡ ÀÇÇØ ¹ßÀÛÀ» ÀÏÀ¸Å°±â ½¬ ¿ì¹Ç·Î ¹ßÀÛÀ» ¿¹¹æÇϱâ À§ÇØ »ç¿ëÇϰí ÀÖ´Â ¾àÀ» Åõ¿©Çϰųª Áõ°¡½Ã۵µ·Ï ÁöµµÇØ¾ß ÇÑ´Ù. ±×·¯³ª ÀÌ·¯ÇÑ ±³À°ÀÌ È¿°ú°¡ ¾øÀ» ¶§¿¡´Â º´ÀÇ¿øÀ» ¹æ¹®Åä·Ï ÇÏ´Â °ÍÀÌ ¹Ù¶÷Á÷ÇÏ´Ù.
5) ¾à·Â(medication history)
ȯÀÚ°¡ ÇöÀç ¾î¶°ÇÑ ¾à¹°À» º¹¿ëÇϰí Àִ°¡¸¦ ¿ì¼± ÆÄ¾ÇÇØ¾ß ÇÑ´Ù. ÈçÈ÷ »ç¿ëµÇ°í ÀÖ´Â OTC¾àǰÁßÀÇ °¢ ¼ººÐÀº ±âŸ ¾à¹°°ú »óÈ£ÀÛ¿ëÀ» °¡Áú ¼ö ÀÖ´Ù´Â »ç½ÇÀ» ±â¾ïÇϰí ÀÖ´Â °ÍÀÌ ¸Å¿ì Áß¿äÇÏ´Ù. ¸¸¾à °¨±âÁõ»óÀÇ Ä¡·á¸¦ À§ÇØ ¾à¹°À» Åõ¿©ÇÔ¿¡µµ ÀüÇô Áõ»óÀÇ È£ÀüÀÌ ¾øÀ¸¸ç ½ÃµµÇÑ Ä¡·á¾à¹°ÀÌ ºÎÀûÀýÇßÀ½ÀÌ ÆÇ´ÜµÇ¸é º´ÀÇ¿ø¿¡ º¸³»´Â °ÍÀÌ Çö¸íÇÏ´Ù. ´ëºÎºÐÀÇ °¨±â ¹× fluȯÀÚÀÇ °æ¿ì, OTC¾àÀÇ Ä¡·á·Î ÃæºÐÇÏ´Ù.
°¨±âȯÀÚÁß º´ÀÇ¿øÀ¸·Î º¸³¾ °æ¿ì¸¦ Á¾ÇÕÇÏ¸é ´ÙÀ½°ú °°´Ù.
°¨±âÁõ»óÁß ºñÃæÇ÷ÀÇ ´ëÁõ¿ä¹ýÁ¦·Î¼ ÈçÈ÷ »ç¿ëµÇ°í ÀÖ´Â ¾à¹°(OTC ´ë»ó¾à¹°)À» Áß½ÉÀ¸·Î ¼³¸íÇÏ¸é ´ÙÀ½°ú °°´Ù.
(1) °æ±¸ ¹× ºñ°æ±¸¿ë ºñÃæÇ÷Á¦°ÅÁ¦
ºñÃæÇ÷Áõ»óÀÌ ÀÖÀ¸¸é pseudoephedrine ¶Ç´Â phenylpropanolamine°ú °°Àº ±³°¨½Å°æÈïºÐÁ¦(sympathomimetics)°¡ Æ÷ÇÔµÈ ¾àǰÀ» ¼±ÅÃÇÑ´Ù. ÀÌµé ¼ººÐµéÀº ºñ°ÃæÇ÷À» Á¦°ÅÇÏ´Â µ¥ È¿°úÀûÀÌ´Ù. ºÎÇ®Àº ºñ°Á¡¸·ÀÌ È¿°úÀûÀ¸·Î ÁÙ¾îµé¾î Á¡¾×ÀÇ Á¦°Å ¹× ÄÚ¾ÈÀÇ °ø±âÀÇ È帧ÀÌ ¿ëÀÌÇØÁ® ½Ã¿øÇØÁø´Ù. ¹Ì±¹ÀÇ °æ¿ì °æ±¸¿ëÀ¸·Î »ç¿ëµÇ´Â ÃæÇ÷Á¦°ÅÁ¦ÀÇ Á¾·ù ¹× Çã°¡¿ë·®Àº table 1°ú °°´Ù.
Table 1. °æ±¸¿ë ÃæÇ÷Á¦°ÅÁ¦ÀÇ Á¾·ù ¹× ¿ë·®(OTC¿ë·®¹üÀ§)
| ¾à¹° | 2-6¼¼ ¿ë·® | 6-12¼¼ ¿ë·® | ¼ºÀο뷮 |
| PHENYLEPHRINE | 2.5mg(15mg) 4½Ã°£¸¶´Ù | 5mg(30mg) 4½Ã°£¸¶´Ù | 10mg(60mg) 4½Ã°£¸¶´Ù |
| PHENYLPROPANOLAMINE | 6.25mg(37.5mg) 4½Ã°£¸¶´Ù | 12.5mg(75mg) 4½Ã°£¸¶´Ù | 25mg(150mg) 4½Ã°£¸¶´Ù |
| PSEUDOEPHEDRINE | 15mg(60mg) 6½Ã°£¸¶´Ù | 30mg(120mg) 6½Ã°£¸¶´Ù | 60mg(240mg) 6½Ã°£¸¶´Ù |
ÀÌµé °æ±¸¿ëÁ¦Á¦¿Ü¿¡ ºñ°¿¡ »Ñ¸®°Å³ª Á¡ÀûÇÏ´Â ºñºÐ¹«¾×(nasal spray) ¶Ç´Â Á¡ºñ¾×(nasal drop) Á¦Á¦°¡ ÀÖ´Ù. ƯÈ÷ ±¹¼ÒÀûÀ¸·Î ÄÚ¿¡ »Ñ¸®´Â ¾àǰÀ» »ç¿ëÇÒ ¶§´Â ÀÏÁÖÀÏ ÀÌ»ó »ç¿ëÄ¡ ¸»µµ·Ï ÁÖÀǸ¦ ÁÖ¾î¾ß ÇÑ´Ù. ÀÌ´Â °è¼Ó ±¹¼ÒÀûÀ¸·Î Àû¿ëÇÒ ¶§´Â Àϸí "rhinitis medicamentosa"¶ó´Â ¹Ý»çÀû ÃæÇ÷(ÃæÇ÷ÀÌ ¿ÀÈ÷·Á ´õ ¾ÇȵǴ Çö»ó, rebound congestion)ÀÌ ÀϾ ¼ö ÀÖ´Ù. ±×·¯³ª °æ±¸¿ë ¾àǰÀ» »ç¿ëÇÒ ¶§´Â ÀÌ·¯ÇÑ Çö»óÀº ¿°·ÁÇÏÁö ¾Ê¾Æµµ µÈ´Ù. ¹Ì±¹¿¡¼ ºñÁ¡¾× ¶Ç´Â ºÐ¹«¾×À¸·Î »ç¿ëµÇ´Â ºñ󹿾àÀÇ ¼ººÐÀº table 2¿Í °°À¸³ª ÀÌ·¯ÇÑ °æ¿ìµµ ¾ÈÀüÇÑ ¿ë·®³»¿¡¼ Çã°¡Çϰí ÀÖ´Ù.
Table 2. ±¹¼Ò ÃæÇ÷Á¦°ÅÁ¦ÀÇ Á¾·ù ¹× ¿ë·®(OTC¿ë·®¹üÀ§)
| ¾à¹° | ³óµµ | ¼ºÀο뷮(drops or spray) | ¼Ò¾Æ(6-12¼¼)¿ë·®(drops or spray) |
| Ephedrine | 0.50% | 2-3(4½Ã°£ ÀÌ»ó °£°Ý) | 1-2(4½Ã°£ ÀÌ»ó °£°Ý) |
| Naphazoline HCL | 0.05%(¼ºÀοë) 0.025%(¼Ò¾Æ¿ë) | 1-2(6½Ã°£ ÀÌ»ó °£°Ý) | 1-2(6½Ã°£ ÀÌ»ó °£°Ý) |
| Oxymetazoline HCL | 0.05% | 2-3(¾ÆÄ§, Àú³á) | 2-3(¾ÆÄ§,Àú³á) |
| Phenylephrine HCL | 1%(¼ºÀοë) 0.25%(¼Ò¾Æ¿ë) | 2-3(4½Ã°£ ÀÌ»ó °£°Ý) | 2-3(4½Ã°£ ÀÌ»ó °£°Ý) |
| Xylometazoline HCL | 0.1%(¼ºÀοë) 0.05%(¼Ò¾Æ¿ë) | 2-3(8-10½Ã°£ ¸¶´Ù) | 2-3(8-10½Ã°£ ¸¶´Ù) |
ÀÌµé ¾à¹°Áß oxymetazolineÀº ´Ù¸¥ ¾à¹°º¸´Ù ÀÛ¿ëÁö¼Ó½Ã°£ÀÌ ±æ¾î »ç¿ë»ó Æí¸®ÇÑ Á¡ÀÌ ÀÖ´Ù. ÀÌ»ó ¾à¹°µéÀ» Æ÷ÇÔÇÏ´Â ¾àǰµéÀÌ ±¹³»¿¡¼ »ý»ê°ø±ÞµÇ°í Àִµ¥ À̵鿡 ´ëÇÑ Á¦Ç°Á¤º¸´Â KIMS(Çѱ¹¸ÞµðÄÞ¹ßÇà)ÀÇ "Decongestants & other nasal preparation)"Ç׿¡¼ ½±°Ô ¾òÀ» ¼ö ÀÖ´Ù.
(2) ÁÖÀÇ»çÇ×
¾à»ç´Â ÀϺΠºñÃæÇ÷Á¦°ÅÁ¦(¿¹, ephedrine, pseudoephedrine)¸¦ °æ±¸·Î Åõ¿©ÇÒ °æ¿ì ÀÌµé ¾à¹°ÀÌ °®°í ÀÖ´Â ÁßÃ߽ŰæÈïºÐÀÛ¿ëÀ¸·Î ȯÀÚ°¡ ÀáÀ» Àß ¸øÀÌ·é´Ù´Â °ÍÀ» ¾Ë¾Æ¾ß ÇÑ´Ù. ÀϹÝÀûÀ¸·Î ephedrineÀÌ ´Ù¸¥ ±³°¨½Å°æÈïºÐÁ¦µéº¸´Ù ÀÌ·¯ÇÑ È¿°ú¸¦ ÀÏÀ¸Å³ È®·üÀÌ Å©¹Ç·Î ÀÌ ¾à¹°À» »ç¿ëÇÒ ¶§´Â °¡´ÉÇϸé Ãëħ½Ã°£ °¡±îÀÌ º¹¿ëÇÏÁö ¸»µµ·Ï ÇØ¾ß ÇÑ´Ù. ±³°¨½Å°æÈïºÐÁ¦´Â ½ÉÀåÀ» ÈïºÐ½Ã۰í Ç÷¾ÐÀ» ³ô¿©ÁØ´Ù. ¶ÇÇÑ Ç÷´çÄ¡¸¦ »ó½Â½ÃŰ¹Ç·Î ´ç´¢º´È¯ÀÚÀÇ °æ¿ì Ç÷´çÀÇ Á¶Àý¿¡ ¿µÇâÀ» ¹ÌÄ¥ ¼ö ÀÖ´Ù. µû¶ó¼ ÀÌµé ¾à¹°Àº ´ç´¢º´È¯ÀÚ, ½ÉÀåÁúȯÀÚ, °íÇ÷¾ÐȯÀÚ µî¿¡´Â »ç¿ëµÇ¾î¼´Â ¾ÈµÈ´Ù. ¶ÇÇÑ °©»ó¼±±â´É Ç×ÁøÁõ (hyperthyroidism) ȯÀÚÀÇ °æ¿ì ½ÉÀåºÎÁ¤¸ÆÀÌ ÀϾ À§ÇèÀÌ ÀÖÀ¸¹Ç·Î ½ÉÀåÀ» ÈïºÐ½ÃŰ´Â ÀÌµé ¾à¹°µéÀº ƯÈ÷ À§ÇèÇÏ´Ù. ±³°¨½Å°æÈïºÐÁ¦´Â ±¹¼ÒÀûÀ¸·Î »ç¿ëÇÒ ¶§´Â ºñ±³Àû ¾ÈÀüÇϳª °æ±¸Åõ¿©ÇÒ ¶§´Â ÀÌµé ºÎÀÛ¿ëÀÌ ÀϾ È®·üÀÌ Å©´Ù. µû¶ó¼ ÀÌµé ¾à¹°ÀÇ °æ±¸Åõ¿©¿¡ ÀÇÇÑ ºÎÀÛ¿ëÀÌ ¿°·ÁµÇ´Â ȯÀÚ¿¡°Ô´Â ºñÁ¡¾× ¶Ç´Â ºÐ¹«¾×À» »ç¿ëÇÏ´Â °ÍÀÌ ¹Ù¶÷Á÷ÇÏ´Ù. ¶ÇÇÑ ÀÌµé ¾à¹°À» »ç¿ëÇÒ ¶§ Ÿ ¾à¹°°úÀÇ »óÈ£ÀÛ¿ëµµ Ç×»ó ¿°µÎ¿¡ µÎ¾î¾ß ÇÑ´Ù. ¿ì¸®³ª¶ó¿¡¼´Â ÇöÀç »ý»ê°ø±ÞµÇ°í ÀÖÁö ¾ÊÀ¸³ª MAO(monoamine oxidase)ÀúÇØÁ¦¿Í´Â Ä¡¸íÀûÀÎ »óÈ£ÀÛ¿ëÀ» °®°í ÀÖ¾î ¾Ç¼º°íÇ÷¾Ð ¶§¹®¿¡ ¸î»ç¶÷ÀÌ »ç¸ÁÇÑ °æ¿ìµµ ÀÖ´Ù.
2. Àçä±â ¹× Ä๰ÀÇ Ä¡·á
<°æ±¸¿ë Ç×È÷½ºÅ¸¹ÎÁ¦>
Ç×È÷½ºÅ¸¹ÎÁ¦°¡ À̵é Áõ»óÀÇ ¿ÏÈ¿¡ È¿°ú°¡ ÀÖÀ¸¸ç ºñÃæÇ÷ÀÇ Á¦°Å¿¡´Â È¿°ú°¡ ¾ø´Ù. ÀÌµé ¾à¹°Àº ÁÖ·Î °æ±¸·Î Åõ¿©µÇ¸ç ÁøÇØÈ¿°ú°¡ ÀÖ¾î °¨±â¾à¿¡ ÀÚÁÖ Æ÷ÇԵǴ ¼ººÐÀÌ´Ù. Ç×È÷½ºÅ¸¹ÎÁ¦¸¦ »ç¿ëÇÒ ¶§ÀÇ ¹®Á¦Á¡Àº ƯÈ÷ chlorpheniramine°ú °°ÀÌ ¿À·¡µÈ ¾à¹°Àº Á¹À½(drowsiness)À» ÀÏÀ¸Å²´Ù´Â Á¡ÀÌ´Ù. ¼ú°ú benzodiazepines, phenothiazines ¶Ç´Â barbiturates¿Í °°ÀÌ ÁßÃ߽ŰæÀ» ¾ïÁ¦ÇÏ´Â È¿°ú¸¦ °®°í ÀÖ´Â ¾à¹°µéÀº ÀÌ·¯ÇÑ ºÎÀÛ¿ëÀ» ´õ¿í Áõ°¡½ÃŲ´Ù. µû¶ó¼ ÀÌµé ¾à¹°µéÀº µ¿½Ã¿¡ º¹¿ëÄ¡ ¾Êµµ·Ï ÁÖÀÇÇØ¾ß ÇÏ°í ¿îÀüÀ» Çϰųª ÀǽļöÁØ¿¡ Àå¾Ö°¡ Àְųª ¸Å¿ì À§ÇèÇÑ ±â°èÁ¶ÀÛÀÚ¿¡°Ô´Â ¼ö¸éÈ¿°ú(sedative effect)°¡ ÀÖ´Â Ç×È÷½ºÅ¸¹ÎÀ» Á־ ¾ÈµÈ´Ù. ¹Ì±¹¿¡¼ ºñ󹿾àÀ¸·Î ºÐ·ùµÇ¾î »ç¿ëµÇ°í ÀÖ´Â Ç×È÷½ºÅ¸¹ÎÀÇ Á¾·ù¿Í ¿ë·®¹üÀ§´Â Table 3°ú °°À¸¸ç ÀÌµé ¼ººÐµéÀº ±¹³»¿¡¼ »ç¿ëµÇ°í ÀÖ´Â °¨±â¾à¿¡ ±¤¹üÀ§ÇÏ°Ô Æ÷ÇԵǾî ÀÖ´Ù.(±¹³»ÀÇ Á¦Ç°Á¤º¸´Â KIMS¸¦ ÂüÁ¶)
Table 3. Ç×È÷½ºÅ¸¹ÎÁ¦ÀÇ Á¾·ù ¹× ¿ë·®(OTC¿ë·®¹üÀ§)
| ¾à¹° | ¼ºÀο뷮 | ¼Ò¾Æ(6-12¼¼)¿ë·® |
| ETHANOLAMINE | ||
| Diphenhydramine HCL | 25-50mg, 4-6 ½Ã°£¸¶´Ù | 12.5-25mg,4-6 ½Ã°£¸¶´Ù |
| Doxylamine succinate | 7.5-12.5mg, 4-6½Ã°£¸¶´Ù | 3.75-6.25mg, 4-6 ½Ã°£¸¶´Ù |
| Phenyltoloxamine citrate | 50mg, 4-6 ½Ã°£¸¶´Ù | ¿ë·®ÀÌ Á¤ÇØÁöÁö ¾Ê¾ÒÀ½ |
| ETHYLENEDIAMINES | ||
| Pyrilamine maleate | 25-50mg, 6-8 ½Ã°£¸¶´Ù | 12.5-25mg, 6-8½Ã°£¸¶´Ù |
| Thonzylamine hydrochloride | 50-100mg, 4-6 ½Ã°£¸¶´Ù | 25-50mg, 4-6½Ã°£¸¶´Ù |
| ALKYLAMINES | ||
| Pheniramine maleate | 12.5-25mg,4-6½Ã°£¸¶´Ù | 6.25-12.5mg, 4-6½Ã°£¸¶´Ù |
| Brompheniramine maleate | 4mg,4-6½Ã°£¸¶´Ù | 2mg,4-6½Ã°£¸¶´Ù |
| Chlorpheniramine maleate | 4mg,4-6 ½Ã°£¸¶´Ù | 2mg, 4-6½Ã°£¸¶´Ù |
| MISCELLANEOUS | ||
| Phenindamine tartrate | 25mg, 4-6½Ã°£¸¶´Ù | 12.5mg, 4-6 ½Ã°£¸¶´Ù |
Ç×È÷½ºÅ¸¹ÎÁ¦´Â Ç×Äݸ°È¿°ú(anticholinergic effect)°¡ Àֱ⠶§¹®¿¡ ±¸°¥(dry mouth), ½Ã¾ß¸ù·Õ(blurred vision), º¯ºñ, ¿äÀú·ù(urinary retention) µîÀÇ ºÎÀÛ¿ëÀ» ÀÏÀ¸Å²´Ù. À̵é È¿°ú´Â hyoscine°ú °°Àº Ç×Äݸ°¾à¹° ¶Ç´Â »ïȯ°è Ç׿ì¿ïÁ¦¿Í °°Àº Ç×Äݸ°ºÎÀÛ¿ëÀÌ ÀÖ´Â ¾à¹°°ú ÇÔ²² »ç¿ëÇÒ °æ¿ì´Â ƯÈ÷ ½ÉÇØÁø´Ù. Ç×È÷½ºÅ¸¹ÎÁ¦´Â ³ì³»Àå ¶Ç´Â Àü¸³¼±ºñ´ëÁõ(prostatic hypertrophy)ȯÀÚ¿¡°Ô´Â ±Ý±âÀÌ´Ù. Ç×Äݸ°ºÎÀÛ¿ëÀÌ ¾È¾ÐÀ» »ó½Â½ÃŰ°í ¿äÀú·ù¸¦ ´õ¿í ¾ÇȽÃ۱⠶§¹®ÀÌ´Ù. ¶ÇÇÑ °í¿ë·®ÀÇ Ç×È÷½ºÅ¸¹ÎÁ¦ÀÇ º¹¿ëÀº ÁßÃ߽ŰæÀ» ¾ïÁ¦Çϱ⠺¸´Ù´Â ¿ÀÈ÷·Á ÈïºÐ½Ãų ¼ö ÀÖ´Ù´Â Á¡À» ¾Ë¾Æ¾ß ÇÑ´Ù. µû¶ó¼ °£ÁúȯÀÚ¿¡ chlorpheniramineÀ» µ¿½Ã¿¡ Åõ¿©ÇÒ °æ¿ì´Â phenytoinÀÇ Ç÷Áß³óµµ°¡ »ó½ÂµÇ¾î µ¶¼ºÀÌ À¯¹ßµÉ ¼öµµ ÀÖ´Ù.
´ç´¢º´ ȯÀÚÀÇ ÀÔ¿ø½Ã, ù ¹ø ÀÔ¿øÀÇ ¿øÀÎ Áß 9%°¡ ´ç´¢º´ÄÉÅæ»êÁõÀÌ¸ç »ç¸Á·üÀº 5-10%¿¡ À̸¥´Ù.
Àν¶¸° ±æÇ× È£¸£¸óÀº °£¿¡¼ÀÇ ´ç½Å»ý¹ÝÀÀÀ» Áõ°¡½Ã۰í Àν¶¸° ºÎÁ·½Ã ÀÎü¿¡¼ÀÇ ´çÀÇ ÀÌ¿ëÀ» °¨¼Ò½ÃŲ´Ù. Àν¶¸° ºÎÁ·Àº ¸»ÃÊ Á¶Á÷À¸·ÎºÎÅÍ Áö¹æ»êÀ» À̵¿½ÃÄÑ °£¿¡¼ÀÇ Áö¹æ ºÐÇØ ÀÛ¿ëÀ» ÀÏÀ¸Å°°í ´çÀÇ clearance¸¦ °¨¼Ò½ÃŰ¸ç ±ÙÀ°¿¡¼ ´Ü¹éÁúÀÌ ¾Æ¹Ì³ë»êÀ¸·Î ´ë»ç µÇ¸é¼ °íÇ÷´çÁõÀ» ÀÏÀ¸Å²´Ù. ±Û·çÄ«°ïµµ Ç÷´çÀ» »ó½Â½ÃŰ¸ç °£ ´ë»ç¿¡ ÀÇÇØ ÄÉÅæÃ¼ »ý»êÀ» Áõ°¡½ÃÄÑ ketosis¿Í acidosisÀ» À¯¹ßÇÏ°Ô µÈ´Ù.
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±×·¯³ª, Ç÷ûÀ̳ª ´¢Áß ÄÉÅæ ÃøÁ¤Àº AcAc¸¸À» ÃøÁ¤ÇϹǷΠanion gapÀ» °è»êÇÏ´Â °ÍÀÌ È¯ÀÚÀÇ »ê-¿°±â »óŸ¦ ´õ Àß °üÂûÇÒ ¼ö ÀÖ´Ù.
´ç´¢º´¼º ÄÉÅæ»êÁõ¿¡¼ ³ªÅ¸³ª´Â ¼öºÐ°ú ÀüÇØÁúÀÇ ¼Õ½ÇÀ» ÃѰýÇÏ¸é ´ÙÀ½°ú °°´Ù.(Ç¥ 2)
Ç¥ 2. ´ç´¢º´¼º ÄÉÅæ»êÁõ¿¡¼ ¼Õ½ÇµÇ´Â ¼öºÐ°ú ÀüÇØÁú
Ç¥ 3. ´ç´¢º´¼º ÄÉÅæ»êÁõÀÇ ÀÓ»ó Áõ»ó ¹× ¿øÀÎ
| Áõ»ó ¹× ÁõÈÄ | ¿øÀÎ |
| ±â¸é Áõ»ó | °íÇ÷´çÁõ, °í»ïÅõ¾ÐÁõ, ÄÉÅæÇ÷Áõ°ú »êÁõ |
| º¸»óÀûÀΠȣÈí¼º »êÁõ | KussmaulÀÇ È£Èí°ú °°Àº °úÈ£Èí |
| °úÀÏ ³¿»õ³ª´Â È£Èí | ¾Æ¼¼ÅæÇ÷Áõ |
| Á¤½Å»óÅÂÀÇ º¯È | °í»ïÅõ¾Ð¼º |
| ¿À½É,±¸Åä | ü¾×¼º »êÁõ |
| º¹Åë | º¹ºÎÆØ¸¸ |
| ±¸°¥,´Ù´¢ | »ïÅõ¼º ÀÌ´¢ |
| ¿ä·®°¨¼Ò | ´ç´¢º´¼º ÄÉÅä»êÁõÀÇ ÁøÇà¿¡ ÀÇÇÑ GFRÀÇ °¨¼Ò |
| °ÇÁ¶»ó Á¡¸·°ú ºó¸Æ | Å»¼ö |
1. ¼ö¾× º¸Ãæ
¼öºÐÀ» »¡¸® º¸ÃþÇÏ´Â °ÍÀÌ Áß¿äÇÏ´Ù. Å»¼öÁõ»óÀº °ÅÀÇ ¸ðµç ´ç´¢º´¼º ÄÉÅæÇ÷Áõ¿¡°Ô ³ªÅ¸³ª¸ç, Á¤È®È÷
ºÎÁ·ÇÑ ÇÊ¿ä¼öºÐ·®Àº ȯÀÚ¸¶´Ù ´Ù¸£³ª ¾à 3.5-7.0 L/70 kg À̶ó°í º¸¸é µÈ´Ù (Æò±Õ5L). Intravascular
volumeÀ» º¸ÃæÇÏ°í ½ÅÀå¿¡¼ ´çÀ» Á¦°ÅÇÒ ¼ö ÀÖµµ·Ï À̶§¿¡´Â isotonic saline(0.9%)¸¦ »ç¿ëÇÏ´Â °ÍÀÌ
°¡Àå ÀûÀýÇÏ´Ù.
Ç÷´çÀÌ 600mL/dLÀÌ»óÀÌ¸é ½ÅÀå ±â´ÉÀÌ 10% °¨¼ÒÇßÀ» ¶§ º¸´Ù ´õ Å« Å»¼ö Çö»óÀ» ÀÏÀ¸Å²´Ù.
½ÅÀå, ½É±Ù°ú ³ú¿¡ ÃæºÐÇÑ ¼öºÐÀÌ °ø±ÞµÇµµ·Ï »ý¸®½Ä¿°¼ö(normal saline)¸¦ 2-3 ½Ã°£ µ¿¾È 1 L/hÀÇ
¼Óµµ·Î Åõ¿©ÇÑ´Ù. Ç÷°ü »óŰ¡ ¾ÈÁ¤ÈµÇ¸é 0.45% ¿°È ³ªÆ®·ý ÁÖ»ç¾×À¸·Î ¹Ù²Ù¾î 250-500 mL/hÀÇ ¼Óµµ·Î
Åõ¿©Çϴµ¥ ÀÓ»ó»óÅ¿¡ µû¶ó Åõ¿©¼Óµµ¸¦ Á¶ÀýÇÑ´Ù. Ç÷´çÀÌ 300 mg/dL·Î ¶³¾îÁö¸é 5% dextrose half
saline ÁÖ»ç¾×À¸·Î ±³È¯ÇÑ´Ù. ÀÌ´Â »ïÅõ¾ÐÀÌ ±Þ°ÝÈ÷ ¶³¾îÁ³À» ¶§ ³ªÅ¸³ª´Â ÀúÇ÷´çÇ÷Áõ°ú ³úºÎÁ¾ Çö»óÀ»
¹æÁöÇϱâ À§ÇؼÀÌ´Ù. ÀϺΠ¾î¸¥ ȯÀÚ³ª ¾î¸°ÀÌ¿¡°Ô´Â ÀúÇ÷´çÇ÷ÁõÀ» ¸·±â À§ÇØ 5% Æ÷µµ´ç ÁÖ»ç¾×º¸´Ù
10% Æ÷µµ´ç ÁÖ»ç¾×ÀÌ À¯¿ëÇÒ ¼öµµ ÀÖ´Ù. ¼öºÐ º¸ÃæÀº ½ÅÀåÀ̳ª ½É±ÙÀÇ ±â´É°ú Á᫐ Á¤¸Æ¾Ð¿¡ µû¶ó
ÀûÁ¤ÈµÇ¾î¾ß ÇÑ´Ù.
2. Àν¶¸°
¿¹Àü¿¡´Â °í¿ë·®(50-200 unitsÀ» 2-4½Ã°£¸¶´Ù)À¸·Î Åõ¿©ÇÏ¿´À¸³ª 1970 ³â ÈĹݺÎÅÍ Àú ¿ë·®(2-10
units/hour)ÀÇ regular insulinÀ» »ç¿ëÇϰí ÀÖ´Ù. ´Ü½Ã°£Çü Àν¶¸°ÀÇ ¹Ý°¨±â°¡ 20ºÐ Á¤µµÀ̹ǷΠÃʱâ
¿ë·® Åõ¿©ÀÇ Çʿ伺ÀÌ ÀǽÉÀÌ µÇ³ª Á¡ÀûÁÖ»ç Àü¿¡ bolus·Î 0.15 units/kgÀ» Åõ¿©ÇÑ´Ù. À¯Áö ¿ë·®Àº 0.9%
¿°È ³ªÆ®·ý ÁÖ»ç¾× 500mL¿¡ regular insulin 50 unitsÀ» ÇÔ²² ¼¯¾î¼ Ãʱ⠼ӵµ¸¦ 0.1
units/kg/hour·Î Åõ¿©ÇÑ´Ù. Àν¶¸°Àº ¼ö¾×°ü¿¡ °áÇÕÇϹǷΠÅõ¿© Àü¿¡ ¼ö¾×°ü¿¡ 30-50 mL¸¦ Åë°ú½ÃŲ´Ù.
Ç÷´çÀº ¸Å ½Ã°£ ÃøÁ¤ÇØ¾ß Çϰí 1-2½Ã°£ ÈÄ¿¡µµ ¹ÝÀÀÀÌ ¾øÀ¸¸é Åõ¿© ¼Óµµ¸¦ 2¹è·Î Áõ°¡½ÃŲ´Ù.
ȯÀÚÀÇ Ç÷´çÀÌ 300 mg/dL¿¡ ±ÙÁ¢ÇßÀ» ¶§ 0.45% ¿°È ³ªÆ®·ý ÁÖ»ç¾×¿¡ 5% Æ÷µµ´ç ÁÖ»ç¾×À» ¼¯Àº È¥ÇÕ
¿ë¾×À¸·Î ¹Ù²Ù°í Àν¶¸° Åõ¿© ¼Óµµ¸¦ ÁÙÀδÙ. Àν¶¸° ¿ä¹ý¿¡¼ Áß¿äÇÑ Á¡Àº »êÁõº¸´Ù °íÇ÷´çÁõÀÌ ¸ÕÀú
±³Á¤µÇ±â ¶§¹®¿¡ Á¾¸»Á¡ÀÌ euglycemia°¡ ¾Æ´Ï°í »êÁõ°ú ÄÉÅæÇ÷ÁõÀÌ ±³Á¤µÈ ½ÃÁ¡À̶ó´Â °ÍÀÌ´Ù (µ¿¸Æ
pH > 7.30, Ç÷Àå Ç÷´ç ³óµµ < 250 mg/dL, À½À̿ gap 13-17, Ç÷û Áßź»ê¿° > 15 mEq/L, ÄÉÅæÇ÷ÁõÀÌ
¾ø´Â »óÅÂ). ³úºÎÁ¾ÀÌ ÀϾ´Â °ÍÀ» ¹æÁöÇϱâ À§ÇØ Ç÷´ç ³óµµ´Â óÀ½ 23-24½Ã°£ µ¿¾ÈÀº ¾à 250
mg/dL·Î À¯ÁöÇÏ´Â °ÍÀÌ ÁÁ´Ù.
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TACRINE sometimes effective in Alzheimer's disease. Patients treated with tacrine therapy had lower mean decline in MMSE scores(1.36 points/year as compared with patients with Alzheimer's disease who had never received tacrine(3.8 points/year). Journal of Neuropsychiatry and Clinical Neurosciences 8:67-73, 1996
Take FOLATE as supplements or fortified food to prevent NTD. Regarding the prevention of neural tube defects(NTD), the recommendations advise increased intake of folic acid-fortified foods and folic acid supplements for achieving an optimal folate status in women who are planning a pregnancy. Lancet 347:682, Mar 1996
OMEPRAZOLE 20mg once daily is the regimen of choice to prevent duodenal ulcer relapse. In 198 patients, the ulcer relpse rate was 3.8% for the 20mg once daily group, 19.7% for the 20 mg alternate days group and 23.4% for the 40mg weekend group. Clinical and Experimental 57:33-41, Jan 1996
MITOXANTRONE effective in AML but myelotoxicity persists. Due to increase of that rates of disease free and overall surival mitoxantrone is effective as an antineoplastic agent in children with acute myeloid leukaemia(AML) although it induces severe myeloid aplasia. Medical and Pediatric Oncology 26:173-179, Mar 1996
PYRIDOXAL PHOSPHATE and CORTICOTROPHIN are effective in infantile spasms. Three experienced excellent seizure control with pyridoxal phosphate alone. Of the 25 children requiring additional corticotrophin injections, 21 experienced excellent seizure control. Jouranl of Child Neurology 11:35-40, Jan 1996
PREDNICARBATE is an effective for patients with atopic dermatitis. The new, nonhalogenated topical corticosteroid prednicarbate was more effective than fluocortin in producing symptomatic improvement of > 50% in this study. International Journal of Dermatology 35:131-132, Feb 1996
ROXITHROMYCIN is effective in the treatment of acne. Of the patients receiving roxithromycin 300mg, 31.3% had a good improvement in symptoms compared with 7.1% of the patients receiving 150mg of the drug. Journal of International Medical Research 24:109-114, Jan 1996
Liposomal AMPHOTERICIN B is better tolerated than the conventional amphotericin B formulation. Liposomal amphotericin B is equally effective in the treatment of cryptococcal meningitis in patients with AIDS, and has less hematological and renal toxicity compared with amphotericin B.Clinical Infections Diseases 22:315-321, Feb 1996
TIBOLONE reduces adverse effects of triptorelin. Tibolone effectively reduces the vasomotor symptoms and bone loss associated with the gonadotrophin-releasing hormone agonist triptorelin. Fertility and Sterility 65:342-348, Feb 1996
PETHIDINE preferred after caesarean section. Patients receiving epidural patient-controlled analgesia(PCA) after elective caesarean section tend to be more satisfied with pethidine than fentanyl. Anaesthesia and Intensive Care 24: 45-50, Feb 1996
INTERFERON-ALPHA therapy reduces risk of liver cancer. Interferon-alpha therapy in patients with chronic viral hepatitis reduces the risk of these patients developing liver cancer in the short term. Journal of Hepatology 24:141-147, Feb 1996
CARBAMAZEPINE beats combativeness after traumatic brain injury. Treatment with carbamazepine resulted in reduced combativeness in patients with acute traumatic brain injury. In addition the total number and dosage of other psychotropics were able to be markedly reduced in all patients after they began carbamazepine therapy. Journal of Neuropsychiatry and Clinical Neurosciences. 8:96-99, No.1 1996
NITROGLYCERIN may be effective in dysmenorrhoea. Transdermal nitroglycerin may be effective in the treatment of dysmenorrhoea and there was no significant worsening of headache with nitroglycerin administraion. British Medical Journal 312:884, Apr 1996
GROWTH HORMONE dose not adversely affect renal graft function. No adverse effects on renal function were seen when 16 children with renal transplants received recombinant human growth hormone in a study. Journal of Pediatrics 128:177-183, Feb 1996
FILGRASTIM therapy was not associated with any long term adverse effects in neonates. Follw-up assessments of 21 patients with filgrastim at 2 years showed no hematological, immunological or development abnormalities. Journal of Pediatrics 128:135-137, Jan 1996
LEUPRORELIN use in pregnancy is safe? 43.5% incidence of adverse pregnancy outcomes in women exposed to leuprorelin during early pregnancy. Thus inadvertent administration of leuprorelin in early pregnany may not be as safe as previously thought. Fertility and Sterility A27, 1996
10% Dose reduction of microemulsion CYCLOSPORIN formulation may be necessary. Because of somewhat better GI absorption, a 1:1 conversion will increase trough cyclosporin levels by about 10% on average. Nephrology Dialysis Transplantaion 11:19-20, Jan 1996
Topical TRETINOIN induced neurotoxicity. After a 39-yr-old woman had used topical tretinoin for treatment of acne 6 to 8-weeks, she reported headache, memory loss, and unsteadiness that interfered with walking, driving, and working. Annals of Internal Medicine 124:227-228, Jan 1996
PROPOFOL induced lactic acidosis. A 30-yr-old woman developing an exaceration of asthma had been treated with propofol for sedation. 2-hours after the initiation of propofol showed a worsening anion gap metabolic acidosis and elevated serum lactate. Chest 109:292, Jan 1996
Pseudomonas bacteremia precipitated by TICLOPIDINE induced neutropenia. An 83-yr-old white man developed febrile neutropenia 5-days after initiation of ticlopidine therapy. His white blood cell count was 1.1x109/L and his blood cultures were positive for psedomonas aeruginosa. The Annals of Pharmacotherapy 30:246-248, Mar 1996
Suspected neuroleptic malignant syndrome in a patient receiving CLOZAPINE. A 42-yr-old schizophremic man treated with clozapine developed a temperature of 39.5oC, diaphoresis, tachycardia, rigidity and leukocytosis. Neuroleptic malignant syndrome remained the most likely diagnosis in this case. The Annals of Pharmacotherapy 30:248-250, Mar 1996
AMIODARONE induced reversible benign intracranial hypertention. Eight weeks after amiodarone 400mg daily had been added to 49-yr-old man for congestive heart failure with ventricular arrhythmia, he reported continuous headache and neurologic examination showed papilledema and unilateral nonlocalizing six-nerve palsy. Cardiology 87:90, 1996
CIPROFLOXACIN induced toxic epidermal necrolysis. After a 50-yr-old obese white man had been received an 11-day course of ciprofloxacin for cellulitis in his right leg, he reported a diffuse rash and sloughing of his epidermis. The Annals of Pharmacotherapy 30:297, Mar 1996
METOPROLOL induced retroperitoneal fibrosis. A 35-yr-old woman taken metoprolol 100mg daily for essential hypertension since 1990 had bilateral edema in the legs and an erythematous rash. Amer Heart J 131:202-203, Jan 1996
Hypersensitivity reaction to CLARITHROMYCIN. A 92-yr-old woman treated with clarithromycin 500mg experienced a reaction with swelling in her lips, jaw, tongue, mouth, and the right side of her face. The Annals of pharmacotherapy 30:300, Mar 1996
Gait ataxia during OMEPRAZOLE therapy. A 27-yr-old woman treated with omeprazole 60mg/d for 4-months to alleviate heartburn associated with reflux esophagitis reported a gait disturbance, unsteadiness of stance, a sensation of near-falling.The Annals of Pharmacotherapy 30:192, Feb 1996
ISOTRETINOIN induced pemphigus. Sixty days after a 17-yr-old male was started on isotretinoin 90mg daily for cystic acne, blisters began to develp first on his trunk and then on his face, arms, back, and legs. Acta Derm Venereol 75:413, 1995
GRAPE FRUIT JUICE increases the bioavailability of ethinylestradiol. The peak serum concentration and AUC0-8hr of ethinylestradiol was significantly increased when the women received grape fruit juice as compared with when they received herbal tea. Grape fruit juice may inhibit the enzymes in the cytochrome P450 system that are responsible for metabolising ethinylestradiol. Contraception 53:41-47, Jan 1996
PROPOFOL compatibility with other intravenous drug products. There are two new methods of evaluating IV emulsion compatibility. One is an equal volume of propofol injection with methylene blue added and the other is an equal volume of the separated aqueous phase of propofol injection. The mixtures were measured by nephelometry. The Annals of pharmacotherapy 30:228-231, Mar 1996
Click on your interests.
CGP-33101 tablets and suspension has similar bioavailability.
The tablet and oral suspension
formulations of CGP-33101 [Ciba-Geigy: phase II], currently being studied for its potential use
as a novel anticonvulsant. Pharmaceutical Research 12: 1878-1882, Dec 1995
DOFETILIDE has antiarrhythmic effects in atria and ventricles.
Dofetilide [Pfizer: phase III]
has selective class III antiarrhythmic effects in both atria and ventricles and, thus, is
potentially useful in the management of re-entrant tachyarrhythmias and both atrial and
ventricular fibrillations chambers. European Heart Journal 16: 1641-1646, Nov 1995
TROGLITAZONE is an effective treatment for patients with NIDDM.
The oral
antihyperglycaemic, troglitazone [Sankyo, Glaxo Wellcone, Warner-Lambert: registered in
Japan, phase III elsewhere], is an effective and safe treatment for patients with
non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (NIDDM). Diabetes Care 19: 151-156, Feb 1996
The k-opioid receptor agonist ENADOLINE [Warner-Lambert: phase II] is an ineffective
analgesic in dental surgery.
One hundred patients with pain after dental surgery were
randomly assigned to receive IM enadoline 15 mg or 25 mg or oral paracetamol
[acetaminophen]/ codeine 600/60 mg or placebo. There was no significant difference in
analgesic effect between enadoline and placebo, while paracetamol/codeine was superior in
analgesic effect to both enadoline and placebo. Clinical Neuropharmacology 19: 92-97, Feb
1996
CT-2584: broad-spectrum anticancer drug hits mitochondria.
CT-2584 [Cell Therapeutics:
phase I] may be a tumour-specific and yet broad-spectrum anticancer agent. It stimulates the
enzyme phosphatidyl-choline phospholipase-D, thus increasing inracellular levels of
phosphatidic acids to the point where mitochondria are disabled, with internal membrane
ruptured. Since the levels of phosphatidic acids are high in tumour cells compared with
normal cells, tumour cells are especially vulnerable to the effect of CT-2584. New Scientist
149: 18, 20 Jan 1996
CY-1787 shows a promise in septic shock.
CY-1787 [Cytel Corporation: phase II], a murine
monoclonal antibody to E-selectin, is well tolerated and represents a promising form of
therapy when administered early to patients with septic shock. Critical Care Medicine 24:
229-233, Feb 1996
DOTARIZINE [Ferrer: phase III] may have anxiolytic action which is mediated by the agent's calcium antagonist activity as well as its inhibitory action on 5-HT1 and 5-HT2 receptors. Methods and Findings in Experimental and Clinical Pharmacology 17: 659-668, Dec 1995
The pharmacokinetics of ZOLMITRIPTAN (311C90) [Glaxo Wellcome: phase III] appear suitable for acute oral treatment of migraine, say Glaxo Wellcome researches who evaluated the effects of the novel 5-HT1 receptor agonist, zolmitriptan, in a double-blind, placebo-controlled study. British Journal of Clinical Pharmacology 41: 141-147, Feb 1996
THIOPERAMIDE [Glaxo Wellcome: preclinical] + ZOLANTIDINE [SmithKline Beecham:
preclinical] ameliorated a scopolamine-induced learning deficit in a passive avoidance test in
mice.
This ameliorating effect of the histamine H3-receptor antagonist thioperamide and the
H2-receptor antagonist zolantidine was antagonised by the H1-receptor antagonist mepyramine
[pyrilamine] and by the H3-receptor agonist(R)-a-mehylhistamine. Methods and Findings in
Experimental and Clinical Pharmacology 17: 653-658, Dec 1995
MIBEFRADIL [Roche: phase III] is effective in the treatment of asymptomatic myocardial
ischemia.
Ambulatory ECG monitoring demonstrated that mibefradil significantly reduced the
frequency and duration of asymptomatic myocardial ischemic episodes in a dose-dependent
fashion when compared to placeo. Journal of the American College of Cardiology 27: 317-322,
Feb 1996
FARANOXI as an effective antineoplastic agent.
The new alkylating agent faranoxi
[Lithuania Oncology Center: phase II] has an activity against melanoma, lymphoma and rectal
cancer. It was also shown to inhibit DNA synthesis in the bone marrow, spleen and
epithelium of the small intestine. Journal of Chemotherapy 8: 67-69, Feb 1996
BRL-32872: a potent antiarrhythmic in animal models.
The combined potassium- and
calcium-channel antagonist BRL-32872 [SmithKline Beecham: phase II] has class III
antiarrhythmic activity, but a low proarrhythmic potential. Compared with pure class III
antiarrhythmics (clofilium, dofetilide and E-4031), BRL-32872 was associated with a
significantly lower incidence of ventricular tachycardia and torsade de pointes in anaesthetised
rabbits in which methoxamine was administered. Journal of Pharmacology and Experimental
Therapeutics 276: 637-646, Feb 1996
DESIRUDIN prevents deep vein thrombosis after hip replacement surgery.
Desirudin
[Ciba-Geigy: phase III] prevents thromboembolic complications in patients undergoing total hip
joint replacement. Lancet 347: 635-639, 9 Mar 1996
SIBUTRAMINE [Boots: preregistration] is helping patients reduce their body weight.
It acts
as a reuptake inhibitor for both serotonin and noradrenaline, produces sustained body weight
loss, and can produce beneficial changes in cholesterol and blood sugar levels in patients with
obesity. Pharmaceutical Journal 256: 299, 2 Mar 1996
The combination AMPHETAMINE/ DEXAMPHETAMINE product ['Adderall': Richwood] has gained a supplemental approval by the US FDA for the treatment of attention deficit hyperactivity disorder(ADHD), hypersomnia and exogenous obesity. Prescription Pharmaceuticals and Biotechnology: T & G 4, 26 Feb 1996
Abbott's protease inhibitor, RITOAVIR ['Norvir'] has gained approval in the US. Ritonavir is indicated for the treatment of advanced HIV infection in combination with nucleoside analogues or as monotherapy. Scrip 2109:17, 8 Mar 1996
TACALCITOL ['Curatoderm': E. Merck] ointment has been launched in the UK for the topical treatment of chronic psoriasis. Marketletter: 22, 19 Feb 1996
The antiestrogen TOREMIFENE ['Fareston': Orion] and the immunosuppresant mycophenolate mofetil ['CellCept': Roche] have been approved under the European Union's(EU's) centralized regulatory process. Scrip 2105: 19, 23 Feb 1996
Liposomal DAUNORUBICIN ['DaunoXome': NeXstar Pharmaceuticals] should gain approval for the treatment of AIDS-related Kaposi's sarcoma in Austria, Belgium, Denmark, Germany, Greece, Ireland, Italy, and Luxembourg. Wall Street Journal: B4, 22 Feb 1996
ZINC HYALURONATE 0.2 % solution ['Curiosin': Gedeon Richter] has been approved in its first market, Hungary, for the treatment of leg ulcers and bed sores. Scrip 2105: 22, 23 Feb 1996
Pharmacia & Upjohn Inc. has launched its new ESTROPIPATE + MEDROXYPROGESTERONE product in the UK. The combination product, which is to be marketed as Improvera, is indicated for the treatment of menopausal symptoms and the prevention of osteoporosis in postmenopausal women with an intact uterus. Scrip 2105: 22, 23 Feb 1996
TETRACAINE GEL ['Ametop': Smith & Nephew] launched in the UK. A topical local anaesthetic gel containing tetracaine 4 % has been launched in the UK to anaesthetise skin before venupuncture or venous cannulation. Phamaceutical Journal 256: 219, 17 Feb 1996
RANITIDINE BISMUTREX ['Pylorid': Glaxo Wellcome] has been introduced in Ireland for the treatment of duodenal and gastric ulcers, the prevention of duodenal ulcer relapse, and the eradication of Helicobacter pylori in combination with clarithromycin or amoxicillin. Scrip 2108: 18, 5 Mar 1996
SmithKline Beecham's new beta-blocker CARVEDILOL ['Kredex'] has been launched in Mexico for the treatment of congestive heart failure(CHF). A 67 % reduction in mortality rates has been reported with the use of the drug as an adjunct to standard treatment for CHF. Marketletter. 19, 29 Jan 1996
The aminobisphosphonate ALENDRONIC ACID ['Fosamax'; Merck-Frosst] has been introduced in Canada for the treatment of osteoporosis in postmenopausal women and Paget's disease. Scrip 2107: 20, 1 Mar 1996
ZUCLOPENTHIXOL ['Clopixol-Acuphase': Lundbeck] has been launched in Australia for the initial treatment of acute pychosis, mania and exacerbation of chronic pychosis. Australian Journal of Pharmacy 77: 124, Feb 1996
The Australian healthcare regulatory authorities have approved an oral formulation of GANCICLOVIR ['Cymevene': Roche] for the treatment of AIDS-related cytomegalovirus retinitis. Compared with IV ganciclovir, the oral formulation decreases the need for hospitalization, as well as reducing discomfort and the risk of infection. Australian Journal of Pharmacy 77: 122, Feb 1996
The NSAID LORNOXICAM is effective and well tolerated in patients with acute lower back pain. Eighty three patients with acute lower back pain received IM lornoxicam [Hafslund Nycomed: registered] [chlortenoxicam] 16 mg followed by 8 mg twice daily for 3 days. Ninty three percent of patients rated lornoxicam's tolerability as good. European Journal of Clinical Research 8: 1-13, 1996
TLCC-53: a useful adjunct for ARDS. The liposomal alprostadil formulation TLCC-53 [The Liposome Company: phase III] produces beneficial clinical effects when used as an adjunctive therapy for patients with acute respiratory distress syndrome[ARDS]. Compared with placebo, treatment with TLCC-53 resulted in faster improvement in pulmonary function parameters, increased lung compliance, and ability to be weaned from mechanical ventilation, by the end of the treatment period. Critical Care Medicine 24; 10-15, Jan 1996
NAFAMOSTAT reduces inflammatory response to extracorporeal circulation. The protease inhibitor nafamostat [Torii, Banyu: launched for acute pancreatitis and registered for disseminated intravascular coagulation in Japan] has a potential to reduce fluid retention and temporary multi-organ dysfunction caused by the extracorporeal blood manipulation that open-heart surgery requires. Thrombosis and Haemostasis 75; 76-82, Jan 1996
AG-490: cancer cell apoptosis in lymphoblastic leukaemia.
AG-490 selectively inhibited growth
of leukaemia cell lines by inducing programmed cell death in vitro and produced beneficial
effects in vivo in a mouse model of leukaemia. They say that the enzyme protein tyrosine
kinase, Jak-2, is activated in leukaemic cells from patients with relapsing acute lymphoblastic
leukaemia(ALL). AG-490 exerts its effect in this indication through inhibition of Jak-2
activity, which is probably a part of the lymphokine-driven uncontrolled growth mechanism of
leukaemic cells. Nature 379: 645-648, 15 Feb 1996
Byk Gulden's PNATOPRAZOLE has gained an additional indication in South Africa for its use in combination with antibacterials for the eradication of Helicobacter pylori associated with duodenal ulcer disease. Scrip 2106: 22, 27 Feb 1996
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hiccups), 1´Þ ÀÌ»ó À϶§´Â ³Ä¡¼º µþ±¹Áú(intractable hiccups)¶ó ÇÑ´Ù.(5)
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µþ±¹ÁúÀº ´Ù¾çÇÑ ¿øÀο¡ ÀÇÇØ ¹ß»ýÇÏ´Â °ÍÀ¸·Î º¸°íµÇ°í ÀÖ´Ù.
1. ½Ã°£ÀÌ Áö³²¿¡µû¶ó ÀÚ¿¬ÀûÀ¸·Î Ä¡À¯µÇ´Â µþ±¹Áú ¹ßÀÛ
°ø±â¿¬ÇÏÁõ, °ú½Ä, °úÀ½, ź»êÀ½·á º¹¿ëÀ̳ª fiberoptic endoscopyµ¿¾ÈÀÇ À§ÀÇ ±î½ºÁÖÀÔ( gastric insufflation) µî¿¡ ÀÇÇÑ º¹ºÎÆØ¸¸À¸·Î ÀÎÇØ µþ±¹ÁúÀ» À¯¹ßµÈ´Ù. ±×¸®°í °©ÀÛ½º·± ȯ°æ ¶Ç´Â À§Àå°ü ¿ÂµµÀÇ º¯È(Â÷°¡¿î ¹°·Î »þ¿öÇÏ´Â °Í, ¶ß°Ì°Å³ª Â÷°¡¿î À½·á¸¦ ¸¶½Ã´Â °Í µî), ÈïºÐ, Á¤½ÅÀû ½ºÆ®·¹½º, Èí¿¬ µîµµ µþ±¹Áú ¹ßÀÛÀÇ ¿øÀÎÀÌ µÈ´Ù.(5,6)
2. Áö¼ÓÀûÀÎ µþ±¹Áú°ú ³Ä¡¼º µþ±¹Áú
Áö¼ÓÀû ¶Ç´Â ³Ä¡¼º µþ±¹ÁúÀÇ ¿øÀÎÀ» Á¤½ÅÀûÀÎ °Í, Á¶Á÷ÀûÀÎ °Í, ¿øÀκҺ´ÀÎ °ÍÀ¸·Î Å©°Ô 3°¡Áö·Î ³ª´©¾î »ìÆìº¸¸é ¾Æ·¡ÀÇ Ç¥1°ú °°´Ù.(5,6,8)
1. Psychogenic Causes
Stress/excitement
Conversion/grief reactions
Anorexia nervosa
Personality disorders
Hysterical neurosis
2. Organic Causes
1) Central nervous system
a. Structural lesions
Neoplasms
Ventriculoperitoneal shunts
Multiple sclerosis
Hydrocephalus
Syringomyelia
Epilepsy
b. Vascular
Ischemic/hemorrhagic strokes
Arteriovenous malformations
Epidural/subdural hematomas
Temporal arteritis
Lesions from head trauma/cerebral contusion
c. Infection
Encephalitis
Meningitis
Brain abscess
Neurosyphilis
2) Peripheral nervous system
(irritation of phrenic/vagus nerve)
Hiatal hernia
Diaphragmatic eventraction
Inflammation of the diaphragm
Intraoperative diaphragmatic irritation
Pericarditis
Anomalous cardiac pacemaker electrode placement
Goiter
Tumors/cysts of neck
Mediastinal lymphadenopathy
Tympanic membrane stimulation
Chest trauma
Pulmonary neoplasm
Pulmonary edema
Myocardial infarction
Pericarditis
Pneumonia
Bronchitis
Empyema
Asthma
Esophageal obstruction
Esophagitis
Gastritis
Peptic ulcer disease
Gastric malignancy
Pancreatitis
Pancreatic cancer
Bowel obstruction
Imflammatory bowel disease
Cholelithiasis/cholecystitis
Renal/hepatic disorders
3) Metabolic/pharmacologic/infectious
General anesthesia
Intravenous methylprednisolone/dexamethasone
Short-acting barbiturates
Diazepam
Chlordiazepoxide
Methyldopa
Alcohol intoxication
Sepsis
Influenza
Herpes zoster
Malaria
Tuberculosis
Uremia
Hypocalcemia
Hyponatremia
3. Idiopathic Causes
Áö¼ÓÀû ¶Ç´Â ³Ä¡¼º µþ±¹ÁúÀº ¸¹Àº ÇÕº´ÁõÀ» À¯¹ßÇϱ⵵ Çϴµ¥ ±× ¿¹·Î´Â ¿µ¾ç°áÇÌ, ¸ö¹«°Ô °¨¼Ò, Çǰï, ±âÁø¸ÆÁø, Å»¼ö, ½ÉºÎÁ¤¸Æ, »óóÀÇ ¿°³, ºÒ¸éÁõ, ¿ª·ù¼º ½Äµµ¿° µîÀÌ ÀÖ°í µå¹°°Ô µþ±¹Áú·Î »ç¸ÁÇϱ⵵ ÇÑ´Ù.(5,6,8)
III. Áø´Ü
µþ±¹ÁúÀÇ ¿øÀÎÀ» ã°í Ä¡·á°èȹÀ» ¼¼¿ì±â À§Çؼ´Â history, physical examination, laboratory
studiesµîÀ» Åä´ë·Î ¹ß»ýÇÑ µþ±¹ÁúÀ» Á¤È®È÷ Æò°¡ÇÏ´Â °ÍÀÌ Áß¿äÇÏ´Ù.
µþ±¹ÁúÀÇ ½É°¢ÇÑ Á¤µµ, ±â°£, Ư¼º, ±× Àü µþ±¹Áú¿¡ ´ëÇÑ ¹¦»ç, ¾à·Â°ú
¾ËÄݺ¹¿ëÀ» Æ÷ÇÔÇÏ´Â medical history, µþ±¹Áú·Î ÀÎÇÑ ÁÖ/°´°üÀû Áõ»ó µîÀ» È®¸³/Æò°¡Çϰí, ¸Ó¸®,
¸ñ, ½ÉÀå, Æó, º¹ºÎ, neurologic system µîÀÇ Æò°¡¸¦ ÅëÇØ ¿øÀÎÀÌ µÇ´Â Áúº´ÀÌ ÀÖ´ÂÁö¸¦ È®ÀÎÇØ¾ß ÇÑ´Ù.
µþ±¹Áú¿¡¼ ÀϹÝÀûÀ¸·Î CBC, ½Å±â´É°ú ÀüÇØÁú Æò°¡ µîÀ» Çϰí chest radiographÀ» Çϱ⵵ ÇÑ´Ù.(5,6,8)
IV. Ä¡·á
µþ±¹ÁúÀÇ º´ÀÎ º´Å»ý¸® µîÀÌ ¸íÈ®ÇÏ°Ô ¾Ë·ÁÁ® ÀÖÁö ¾Ê±â ¶§¹®¿¡ ¸Å¿ì ´Ù¾çÇÏ°Ô º¸°íµÇ°í ÀÖ´Â µþ±¹ÁúÀÇ Ä¡·á¹ýÀº È®½ÇÇÑ ÀÌ·ÐÀû ±Ù°Å ¶Ç´Â ½ÇÇèÀû ÀÚ·á¿¡ ÀÇÇØ µÞ¹Þħ µÇ´Â °ÍµéÀÌ ¾Æ´Ï¶ó °æÇèÀûÀÎ °ÍÀÌ ´ëºÎºÐÀÌ´Ù. µþ±¹ÁúÀÇ Ä¡·á´Â ¸ÕÀú, ¿øÀÎÀÌ µÇ´Â ¿äÀÎ ¶Ç´Â Áúº´ÀÌ ¹«¾ùÀÎÁö È®ÀÎÇϰí À̰ÍÀ» Ä¡·á/Á¦°ÅÇÑ´Ù. ¿øÀÎÀÌ ºÐ¸íÇÏÁö ¾ÊÀº °æ¿ì °æÇèÀ» Åä´ë·Î Ä¡·á¸¦ ½ÃÀÛÇÏ°Ô µÇ´Âµ¥, Å©°Ô ¾à¹°Ä¡·á¿Í ºñ¾à¹°Ä¡·á·Î ³ª´©¾î º¼ ¼ö ÀÖ´Ù.
1. ºñ¾à¹°Ä¡·á
ºñ¾à¹° Ä¡·á´Â Áý¿¡¼ °£´ÜÈ÷ ½ÃÇàÇÒ ¼ö ÀÖ´Â °ÍÀ¸·Î ºÎÅÍ µþ±¹Áú ¹Ý»ç ÁßÃßÀÇ ¼ö¼úÀû Á¦°Å¿¡ À̸£±â±îÁö
¸Å¿ì ´Ù¾çÇÑ ¹æ¹ýµéÀÌ ½ÃÇàµÇ°í ÀÖ´Ù.
ºñÀΰÀ» ÀڱؽÃÄÑ hiccup reflex arcÀÇ vagal afferent limbÀ» Â÷´Ü½ÃÄÑ
µþ±¹ÁúÀ» ÁߴܽÃŰ´Â ¹æ¹ýÀ¸·Î Çô¸¦ °Á¦ÀûÀ¸·Î °ßÀÎÇÏ´Â ¹æ¹ý, ½ºÇÂÀ¸·Î ±¸°³¼ö¸¦ µé¾î¿Ã¸®´Â ¹æ¹ý,
¸éºÀÀ̳ª Ä«Å×Å͸¦ °¡Áö°í Àεθ¦ ÀÚ±ØÇÏ´Â ¹æ¹ý, ¹°·Î °¡±ÛÇÏ´Â ¹æ¹ý, Â÷°¡¿î ¹°À» Á¶±Ý¾¿ ¸¶½Ã´Â
¹æ¹ý, ¹é¼³ÅÁ °¡·ç ÇѽºÇÂÀ» »ïŰ´Â ¹æ¹ý, ÄÅÀÇ ÀÔÀ¸·Î ºÎÅÍ ¸Õ ºÎºÐÀ» ÅëÇØ ¹°À» ¸¶½Ã´Â ¹æ¹ý,
·¹¸óÀ»±ú¹«´Â ¹æ¹ý, ammonia ¶Ç´Â amyl nitrite¿Í °°Àº À¯ÇØÇÑ °¡½º¸¦ ÈíÀÔÇÏ´Â ¹æ¹ý µîÀÌ »ç¿ëµÇ¾î
¿À°í ÀÖ´Ù.(5,6,8)
¹ÌÁֽŰæ Â÷´Ü°ú´Â ¹Ý´ë·Î ¹ÌÁֽŰæÀ» ÀڱؽÃŰ´Â Valsalva maneuverÀÇ
½ÃÇà, °æµ¿¸Æ ¸À»çÁö, ¾È¿Í À§¸¦ ¾Ð¹ÚÇÏ´Â ¹æ¹ý, ¸Ó¸®Ä«¶ô µîÀ¸·Î °í¸·À» ÀÚ±ØÇÏ´Â ¹æ¹ý, µðÁöÅ»
Á÷Àå¸À»çÁö µîµµ µþ±¹ÁúÀ» ÁߴܽÃ۱âÀ§ÇØ ½ÃÇàÇÒ ¼ö ÀÖ´Â ¹æ¹ýµéÀ̸ç, Ⱦ°Ý½Å°æÀÌ Áö³ª°¡´Â °÷ÀÇ
ÇǺο¡¾óÀ½À» ´ë°Å³ª Àü±âÀû ÀÚ±ØÀ»ÁÖ´Â ¹æ¹ý, procain HClÀ» ÁÖ»çÇÏ´Â ¹æ¹ý, Ⱦ°Ý½Å°æÀ» ¾ÐÂøÇØ
ºÎ¼ö°Å³ª¶¼¾î³»°Å³ª Ⱦ´ÜÇÏ´Â ¹æ¹ý µîÀ¸·Î Ⱦ°Ý½Å°æÀüµµ¸¦ ¹æÇØÇÏ¿© µþ±¹Áú Áß´ÜÀ» ½ÃµµÇϱ⵵ ÇÑ´Ù.(5,6,8)
À̿ܿ¡µµ Àçä±â, ±âħ, ¼ûÀ» ¸ØÃ߰ųª È£ÈíÀ» »¡¸®ÇÏ´Â ¹æ¹ý, ±¸¿ªÁúÀ» À¯µµÇÏ´Â ¹æ¹ý, °©ÀÛ½º·±
ÅëÁõÀ» Áְųª ³î¶ó°Ô ÇÏ´Â ¹æ¹ý, Á¾À̺ÀÅõ µîÀ» ÀÌ¿ëÇØ ÀÔÀ»¸·°í È£ÈíÇØ ü³»CO©ü³óµµ¸¦ Áõ°¡½ÃŰ´Â
¹æ¹ý µîÀ¸·Î Á¤»ó È£Èí±â´ÉÀ» ÀϽÃÀûÀ¸·Î ¹æÇØÇÏ¿© µþ±¹ÁúÀ» ÁߴܽÃŰ°Å³ª, ¹«¸À» °¡½¿À¸·Î ´ç±â°Å³ª
¾ÕÀ¸·Î ±¸ºÎ·Á °¡½¿À» ¾Ð¹ÚÇϰųª Ⱦ°æ¸· À¯ÂøºÎÀ§¸¦ ¾Ð¹ÚÇÏ¿© Ⱦ°æ¸·À»ÀÚ±ØÇÏ´Â ¹æ¹ý µîµµ ÀÌ¿ëµÈ´Ù.(5,6,8)
2. ¾à¹°Ä¡·á
µþ±¹Áú Ä¡·á¸¦ À§ÇØ ÀϹÝÀûÀ¸·Î ¼±Åà »ç¿ëµÇ°í Àְųª »ç¿ëÇÑ ¿¹°¡ ÀÖ´Â ¸î°¡Áö ¾à¹°À» Á¤¸®Çغ¸¸é ¾Æ·¡ Ç¥2¿Í °°´Ù.
1) Antipsychotics 4) Miscellaneous
Chlorpromazine Methylphenidate
Haloperidol Metoclopramide
2) Anticonvulsants Amitriptyline
Diphenylhydantoin Nifedipine
Valproic acid Ketamine
Carbamazepine Lidocaine
3) Muscle relaxant Atropine
Baclofen Quinidine
µþ±¹ÁúÀÇ ¹ß»ý±âÀüÀÌ ¸íÈ®ÇÏÁö ¾Ê°í µþ±¹ÁúÀÇ ¿øÀÎ ¶ÇÇÑ ¸Å¿ì ´Ù¾çÇϸç ÀÌ·¯ÇÑ ´Ù¾çÇÑ ¿øÀÎÀÇ µü±¹Áú ȯÀÚ±ºÀ» ¸ðÀº´Ù´Â °ÍÀÌ ¾î·Æ±â ¶§¹®¿¡ À§ÀÇ ¾à¹°µéÀÇ È¿°ú¸¦ Æò°¡ÇÑ ½Ç Çè ÀÚ·á´Â °ÅÀÇ Ã£¾Æ º¼ ¼ö ¾ø´Ù. ±×·¯³ª µþ±¹Áú Ä¡·á¿¡ »ç¿ëÇØ À¯È¿Çß´Ù´Â °æÇèÀû º¸°íµéÀº ¸¹Àºµ¥ ±×¸¦ °£´ÜÈ÷ ¿ä¾àÇÏ¸é ´ÙÀ½°ú °°´Ù.
1) Antipsychotics
ChlorpromazineÀº µþ±¹ÁúÀ» Ä¡·áÇϱâÀ§ÇØ ±¤¹üÀ§ÇÏ°Ô »ç¿ëµÇ°í ÀÖ´Â
phenothiazine°è antipsychoticÀ¸·Î 25-50mgÀ» normal saline 500-1000ml¿¡ È¥ÇÕÇØ IV·Î Åõ¿©Çϴµ¥,
IV·ÎÅõ¿© ÇÒ ¶§ °¡Àå ÈçÇÏ°í ½É°¢
ÇÑ ºÎÀÛ¿ëÀ¸·Î´Â ±â¸³¼º ÀúÇ÷¾ÐÀÌ ¹ß»ýÇÒ ¼ö ÀÖÀ¸¹Ç·Î 25-50mgÀ» IMÀ¸·Î
Åõ¿©Çϰųª °æ±¸·Î Åõ¿©Çϱ⵵ÇÑ´Ù. Butyrophenone°è ½Å°æ¾ÈÁ¤Á¦ÀÎ HaloperidolÀº 2mgÀ» IMÀ¸·Î Åõ¿©Çϸé
1½Ã°£ ¾È¿¡ µþ±¹ÁúÀÌ Áߴܵǰí, À¯Áö¿ë·®À¸·Î 1mgÀ» 1ÀÏ 2ȸ ¶Ç´Â 4ȸ °æ±¸ Åõ¿©ÇßÀ» ¶§ µþ±¹Áú
Ä¡·á¿¡ À¯È¿ÇÏ´Ù´Â º¸°íµµ ÀÖ´Ù.(9)
2) Anticonvulsants
AnticonvulsantsÀÎ phenytoin, carbamazepine, valproic acid µîµµ µþ±¹Áú Ä¡·á¸¦ À§ÇØ »ç¿ëµÇ°í Àִµ¥,
phenytoinÀº óÀ½ 200mgÀ» 5ºÐ°£¿¡ °ÉÃÄ IV·Î Åõ¿©Çϰí À¯Áö¿ë·®À¸·Î 100mgÀ» 1ÀÏ 4ȸ °æ±¸ Åõ¿©ÇÑ´Ù.(5,6,10)
CarbamazepineÀº ´Ù¹ß¼º °æÈÁõÀ» °¡Áö°í Àִ ȯÀÚÀÇ µþ±¹Áú Ä¡·á¿¡ À¯È¿ÇßÀ¸¸ç ¿ë·®Àº 200mgÀ» 1ÀÏ 3ȸ
¶Ç´Â 1ÀÏ 4ȸ °æ±¸Åõ¿© ÇÑ´Ù.(11,12) JacobsonµîÀÇ ½ÇÇè¿¡¼ valproic acid´Â °¢±â ´Ù¸¥ Á¾·ùÀÇ ¿øÀÎÀ» °¡Áö°í
ÀÖ´Â µþ±¹Áú ȯÀÚ 5¸íÁß 4¸í¿¡°Ô¼ 34-96¥ìg/mlÀÇ ÃÖ°í Ç÷Áß³óµµ ¹üÀ§¿¡¼ È¿°úÀûÀÎ °ÍÀ¸·Î ³ªÅ¸³µ´Ù.(13)
¿ë·®Àº 15mg/kg¸¦ °æ±¸Åõ¿©ÇÏ°í µþ±¹ÁúÀÌ Áߴܵǰųª ºÎÀÛ¿ëÀÌ ³ªÅ¸³¯¶§±îÁö 2ÁÖ¸¶´Ù 250mg¾¿ Áõ·®½ÃÄ×´Ù.
Valproic acid¸¦ ¸ÅÁÖ 250mg¾¿ °¨·® ½ÃÄÑ Åõ¿©¸¦ Áß´Ü ÇßÀ» °æ¿ì ¸ðµÎ µþ±¹ÁúÀÌ Àç¹ßÇßÀ¸¸ç ´Ù½Ã valproic
acidÀÇ Åõ¿©·Î µþ±¹ÁúÀº Áß´Ü µÇ¾ú´Ù.
3) Muscle relaxant
BaclofenÀº GABAµ¿Á·Ã¼ÀÎ ÁßÃß¼º ±ÙÀÌ¿ÏÁ¦·Î Ç÷¾×Åõ¼®À» ¹Þ°í Àִ ȯÀÚ
¿¡¼ 5mgÀ» 1ÀÏ 3ȸ, 10mg 1ÀÏ 2ȸ ¶Ç´Â 1ÀÏ 4ȸ °æ±¸Åõ¿©ÇÏ¿© µþ±¹ÁúÀ» Áß´Ü ½ÃÄ×À¸¸ç,(14,15,16)
¿øÀκҸíÀÇ µþ±¹Áú¿¡ 5mgÀ» 1ÀÏ 3ȸ Åõ¿©ÇÏ¿© À¯È¿Çß´Ù.(16) ±×¸®°í µþ±¹Áú·Î ÀÎÇÑ °úµµÇÑ ¹° ¼·Ãë·Î
Àú³ªÆ®·ýÇ÷Áõ¿¡ ºüÁø ȯÀÚ¿¡¼ 20mg 1ÀÏ 4ȸ ·Î °æ±¸Åõ¿©ÇÏ¿© µþ±¹ÁúÀ» ÁߴܽÃÄ×´Ù.(17)
4) Miscellaneous
Metoclopramideµµ µþ±¹Áú Ä¡·á¿¡ È¿°ú°¡ ÀÖ´Â °ÍÀ¸·Î º¸°íµÇ°í ÀÖÀ¸¸ç
(5,6,18) »ç¿ë ¿ë·®Àº 10mgÀ» IV ¶Ç´Â IMÀ¸·Î Åõ¿©Çϰí À¯Áö¿ë·®À¸·Î 10-20mgÀ» 1ÀÏ 4ȸ Åõ¿©ÇÏ´Â °ÍÀÌ
ÃßõµÇ°í ÀÖ´Ù.
AmitriptylineÀº ¾ËÄݳ²¿ë°ú ¿°ø¼º Å»ÀåÀÇ º´·ÂÀ» °¡Áö°í Àִ ȯÀÚ¿¡°Ô
10mg 3ȸ ±×¸®°í ÃëħÀü 25mgÀ¸·Î 1ÀÏ 4ȸ Åõ¿©Çϰųª, 50mg 1ÀÏ 2ȸ Åõ¿©ÇÏ¿© µþ±¹ÁúÀ» Áß´Ü ½ÃÄ×À¸¸ç,
°£ÁúȯÀÚ¿¡°Ô 10mg 1ÀÏ 3ȸ Åõ¿©·Î µþ±¹ÁúÀ» ÁߴܽÃÄ×´Ù´Â º¸°í°¡ ÀÖ´Ù.(19,20)
¸¶ÃëÁ¦ÀÎ KetamineÀº º¹ºÎ ¼ö¼úÁß ¶Ç´Â ¼ö¼úÈÄ È¸º¹±âÀÇ µþ±¹¿¡0.4mg/kgÀ» IV·Î Åõ¿©Çϸé À¯È¿Çϸç(21),
methylphenidate´Â 20mgÀ» IV·Î Åõ¿©ÇÏ¿© µþ±¹ÁúÀ» Áß´Ü ½ÃÄ×À¸¸ç(7,22) nifedipine 10-20mgÀ» 1ÀÏ3ȸ
°æ±¸Åõ¿©·Î µþ±¹ÁúÀ» Ä¡·áÇß´Ù´Â º¸°í°¡ ÀÖ´Ù.(23) LidocaineÀ»loading dose·Î 1mg/kg IV·Î Åõ¿©Çϰí
40ºÐ µ¿¾È 2mg/minÀ¸·Î IV infusionÇÑ ÈÄ 0.5mg/kgÀÇ ¿ë·®À» µÎ¹ø IV·ÎÅõ¿©Çϰí infusion rate¸¦
4mg/minÀ¸·Î Áõ°¡½ÃÄÑ µþ±¹ÁúÀ» °¨¼Ò½ÃÄ×´Ù´Â º¸°íµµ ÀÖ´Ù.(24) À̿ܿ¡µµ atropine 0.4-1.2mg
IV,(4)quinidine sulfate 200mg 1ÀÏ 4ȸ °æ±¸Åõ¿©(4,25)µµ µþ±¹Áú Ä¡·á¿¡ À¯È¿ÇѰÍÀ¸·Î º¸°íµÇ°í ÀÖ´Ù.
V. °á·Ð
µþ±¹ÁúÀº ¼º°¡½Ã°í ´Ù¼Ò ºÒÆíÇϳª º¸Åë ½Ã°£ÀÌ Áö³²¿¡ µû¶ó ÀÚ¿¬ÀûÀ¸·Î¼Ò½ÇµÇ¹Ç·Î Å« ¹®Á¦°¡ µÇÁö ¾Ê´Â´Ù. Áö¼ÓÀûÀÌ°í ³Ä¡¼ºÀÎ µþ±¹ÁúÀº À¯ÇØÇÑ ÇÕº´ÁõÀ» ¼ö¹ÝÇϱ⵵ ÇϹǷΠ¿øÀÎÀ» ¹àÇô Ä¡·áÇØÁÖ°í, ¿øÀÎÀ» ãÁö ¸øÇÑ´Ù¸é º¸°íµÇ¾î ÀÖ´Â ¿©·¯ °æÇèÀ» Åä´ë·ÎÇÑ ºñ¾à¹° ¹× ¾à¹° Ä¡·á¹æ¹ýÀ» °¡Áö°í Ä¡·á ÇÒ ¼ö ÀÖ´Ù.
1996³â 5¿ù 15ÀÏ °³ÃÖµÈ Çѱ¹°úÇÐÀç´Ü Àü¹®Á¤º¸¼¾ÅÍÁöÁ¤ ±â³ä Ưº°¼¼¹Ì³ª¿¡´Â
°¢°è¿¡¼ ÃÑ 202¸íÀÌ Âü°¡ÇÏ¿© ¼ºÈ²¸®¿¡ ÁøÇàµÇ¾úÀ¾´Ï´Ù. Âü¼®Çϼż ÀÚ¸®¸¦ ºû³»
ÁֽŠºÐµé²² °¨»çµå¸³´Ï´Ù.
Âü°¡ÀÚµéÀÇ ¼Ò¼Ó°ú ÀοøÀº ´ÙÀ½°ú °°½À´Ï´Ù.
"Çѹæ°ú ´ÙÀÌ¾îÆ®¿¡ °üÇÑ Çмú ½ÉÆ÷Áö¿ò"
(The 1st International Symposium of the Korean Medicine & Diet)
ÀϽÃ: 1996³â 6¿ù 4ÀÏ (È) 09:30-15:00
Àå¼Ò: ¸£³×»ó½º¼¿ïÈ£ÅÚ(´ÙÀ̾Ƹóµåº¼·ë)
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Á¦2ȸ º´¿ø¾à»ç Ãá°èÇмú´ëȸ
ÀϽÃ: 1996³â 6¿ù 8ÀÏ (Åä) 09:30-18:00
Àå¼Ò: ¼¿ïÁß¾Óº´¿ø µ¿°ü 6Ãþ ´ëȸÀǽÇ
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Çѱ¹ÀÓ»ó¾àÇÐȸ Ưº°¼¼¹Ì³ª
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Àå¼Ò: ¼¿ïÁß¾Óº´¿ø µ¿°ü 6Ãþ Á¦1¼¼¹Ì³ª½Ç
¿¬Á¦: Pharmaceutical Care in U.S.A.
¿¬»ç: Dr. Roger Rander, Dr. Condit Steil